Chitin Enzymology 2001

R.A.A. Muzzarelli, ed.,

Atec, Italy, 2001

ISBN 88-86889-06-2. July 2001, XVI + 619 pages,

fully indexed and illustrated.

Chitin Enzymology, Vol. 2

Independent evaluations

"Muzzarelli deserves congratulations for his very swift and professional job together with the publisher..... The book is highly recommended for libraries in industry, university and research institutes."

K.M. Varum and O. Smidsrod, in Carbohydrates in Europe

Many valuable ideas and information from the research work presented in this book can be important sources for the biological development both at the present and in the future. Therefore this book is a comprehensive and informative reference for chemists, biotechnologists and anyone who is interested in the subject.

Third volume of a series of books, contains chapters written by leading scientists from all over the world on chitinases, chitin synthases, other hydrolases effective on chitins and chitosans, deacetylases and immobilized enzymes. Special features of this book are contributions in phytopathology and biocontrol topics, structure of chitinases and their inhibitors, production and characterization of oligomers and partially depolymerized chitosans.

Contents

Foreword XV

Biocontrol, phytopathology

Regulation of chitinase gene expression in biocontrol strains of Trichoderma.

C.P. Kubicek, C.K. Peterbauer, D. Lischer, K. Brunner and R.L. Mach. 3

Is chitosan’s defence response-inducing action mediated through the nuclear

protein HMG-I(Y) in plants ?

S.J. Klosterman, J.J. Choi, M.M. Chang and L.A. Hadwiger. 11

Plant self-defence mechanism: chitinase and chitin-binding receptor.

D. Koga, T. Yoshioka, S. Karasuda and Y. Hatanaka. 25

Different roles of plant chitinases in mycorrhizae and pathogenic interactions.

P. Salzer, A. Wiemken and T. Boller. 31

Cloning of chitinases as a means for biocontrol and improvement of plant protection.

A. Viterbo, O. Ramot and I. Chet. 41

Trichoderma chitinases and the encoding genes as molecular tools for enhancing biocontrol.

S. Woo, R. Ciliento, D. Piacenti, R. Hermosa, F. Scala, A. Zoina and M. Lorito. 47

Chitosan-elicited resistance to plant viruses: a histochemical and cytochemical study.

F. Faoro, S. Sant, M. Iriti, D. Maffi and A. Appiano. 57

Effects of a fungal challenge on the chitinases of ginseng roots (Panax ginseng).

J.K. Moon, B.K. Han, B.H. Lee, S.B. Kim, Y.H. Yu and D.H. Jo 63

Gene cloning for chitinase and chitosanase and their application in plant protection.

Y. Matsuda, K. Kashimoto, R. Saito, Y. Iida, Y. Takikawa, S. Ikeda, T. Shinogi,

K. Kakutani, T. Nonomura and H. Toyoda. 71

Chitin: to be or not to be in some ascomycetous fungi. G.B. Ouellette, R.P. Baayen,

L. Bernier, H. Chamberland, P.M. Charest, D. Rioux and M. Simard. 79

Chitinolytic microorganisms in alginate beads as biocontrol agents.

T. Nonomura, Y. Matsuda and H. Toyoda. 91

Effect of chitinases produced by Bacillus thuringiensis sub israelensis on cattle

tick Boophilus microplus. M. Ramirez, V. Pardio, A. Villagomez and N. Elvira. 97

Evidence for the elicitation of chitosan from the plant leaves.

N. Ben-Shalom, N. Kudabeava and R. Pinto. 107

Properties of the chitin-binding protein CHB1 and its homologues.

H. Schrempf, J. Schnellmann, A. Zeltins, S. Kolbe, A. Becirevic, F. Wang,

H.H. Chu, A. Saito and S. Fischer. 111

Biocontrol, harvest

Effects of chitosan and its derivatives on Aureobasidium pullulans and plant pathogenic fungi.

G. Bruno, R.A.A. Muzzarelli, C. Muzzarelli and L. Sparapano 121

Biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi in bean seeds by microbial chitinase.

B. Escudero-Abarca, G. Gonzalez-Cu, A. Reyes, I. De la Cruz,

G. Aguilar-Uscanga, M.G. Cuneo and M. Ramirez. 133

Chitosan in the control of postharvest decay of some Mediterranean fruits.

G. Romanazzi, F. Nigro and A. Ippolito 141

Preservation of citrus with chitosan solutions: analysis by NMR imaging.

G. Galed, A. Martinez and A. Heras. 147

Suppressive effect of chitin waste-based composts on common scab of potato.

N. Coté, R. Hogue, C. Beaulieu and R. Brzezinski. 155

Use of chitosan to control growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro and on stored mangoes.

A. Begin, I. Dupuis, M. Dufaux and G. Leroux. 163

Chitinase and -1,3-glucanase in sweet cherry tissues treated with Aureobasidium pullulans.

A. Ippolito. A. Ligorio, F. Nigro and M. Salerno. 171

Chitinase gene-transformed phylloepiphytic bacteria for biological control of

phyllophagous insect pests of tomato. H. Toyoda, Y. Matsuda, T. Nonomura,

Y. Takikawa, Y. Otsu, H. Mori and K. Kakutani. 179

Biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi in soybean by chitinase of Bacillus thuringiensis.

B. Escudero-Abarca, G. Gonzalez-Cu, A. Reyes,

G. Aguilar-Uscanga, M.G. Cuneo and M. Ramirez. 185

Chitosan for the control of leaf pathogens.

A.T. Wojdyla, L.B. Orlikowski and H. Struszczyk. 191

Chitosan in the control of soil-borne pathogens.

H. Struszczyk, L.B. Orlikowski and C. Skrzypczak. 197

Chitinase activity usable as a predictive index for soybean harvest

S. Hirano, M. Hayashi and S. Okuno. 205

Chitinases, distribution

Comparative enzymology of chitinases from plants and microbes.

T. Fukamizo. 213

Gastric chitinase in rainbow trout: characterization of substrate utilization.

C.M. Moe and A.R. Place. 219

Chitinase activity and fungicide properties of proteins in the secretion of cicada larvae.

N.N. Maksyutova, I.A. Tarchevsky, V.G. Yakovleva

and D.V. Yusupova. 227

Chitinase production by Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma inhamatum on different substrates.

M.A. Castillejo, P. Santorum, A. Llobell, E. Monte

and M. Garcia Roig. 233

Chitinolytic activity of Enterobacter agglomerans enhanced by Pseudomonas’

regulatory genes or exogenous quorum-sensing signals.

L. Zhou, M. Ovadis, Z. Ismailov, I. Chet and L. Chernin. 241

Cold adapted chitinases from the antarctic bacterium Arthrobacter str. TAD20.

K. Mavromatis. T. Lonhienne, C. Gerday, M. Kokkinidis and V. Bouriotis. 249

Chitinolytic enzymes from selected antarctic fungal strains

M. Fenice, D. Moscatelli and G.W. Gooday. 257

Taxonomic study on two chitosanolytic strains isolated from soil.

J. Blanchard, V.N. Akimov, W.A. Neugebauer, R. Brzezinski and C. Beaulieu. 263

The chitinase of Bacillus thuringiensis.

M. Gomez Ramirez, L.I. Rojas Avelizapa and R. Cruz Camarillo 273

Identification of chitosan hydrolysing enzymes from cultured cells of Panax ginseng

C. A. Meyer. C.H. Lee and E.K. Park. 283

The role of vertebrate chitinases.

A.R. Place and C. Moe. 293

Chitinases from broiler Gallus gallus L.

B.K. Han, J.K. Moon, S.B. Kim and D.H. Jo. 299

Chitinases, structures

Molecular cloning and functional expression of cDNAs encoding rye (Secale cereale) seed chitinases. T. Ohnuma, M. Yagi, T. Yamagami, Y. Aso and M. Ishiguro. 309

Mutational analysis of aminoacid units involved in the catalytic activity of family 18 chitinase from tulip bulb. K. Suzukawa, T. Yamagami, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Aso and M. Ishiguro. 315

Family 19 chitinase from Aeromonas sp. No. 10S-24: enzymatic and structural properties of the catalytic domain.

M. Kojima, T. Yoshikawa, A. Sutrisno, M. Ueda, K. Miyatake, M. Arai and T. Fukamizo. 323

Structure and substrate binding mode of family 19 chitinase from rice, Oryza sativa L.

C. Sasaki, H. Takehara, S. Kuhara, Y. Itoh and T. Fukamizo 329

Allosamidin as an inducer of chitinase production in allosamidin-producing Streptomyces.

S. Sakuda, E. Nakanishi and H. Nagasawa. 335

Phylogenetic analysis of baculovirus chitinase sequences.

N. Posayapisit, K. Poomputsa, P. Mekvichitsaeng and S. Techkarnjnaruk. 343

Conservation of structural elements and catalytic mechanism in the chitinolytic enzymes from Serratia marcescens. G. Prag, C.E. Vorgias and A.B. Oppenheim. 351

Approaches to studying the molecular diversity of chitinase genes in soil.

M. Krsek, A. Metcalfe, N. Williamson and E.M.H. Wellington. 361

Kinetics of chitin hydrolysis by chitinases of Serratia marcescens grown in whey.

N. van Huynh, W. Wergifosse, J.C. Motte, G. Cornelis and M. Minier. 373

Chitinase production in solid state fermentation from shrimp waste silage.

Y. Matsumoto, S. Revah, G. Saucedo, G.M. Hall and K. Shirai. 381

Expanded bed adsorption applied to the purification of chitosanase from Bacillus cereus.

E.S. Santos, R. Guirardello and T.T. Franco. 391

Increased antifungal activity of Trichoderma atroviride-NBT-1.1 induced by

sonolysed crawfish chitin. M. Jover, I. Guerra, J.F. Gutierrez and J. Bautista. 397

Oligomers

Partial depolymerization of chitosans with the aid of papain.

R.A.A. Muzzarelli, M. Terbojevich, C. Muzzarelli, M. Miliani and O. Francescangeli. 405

Modification of chitosan with free and immobilized papain.

L.B. Grigolon, A. Azevedo, R.R. Santos and T.T. Franco. 415

Enzymatic depolymerization of chitosan and sulfated chitosan.

V.P. Varlamov, A.V. Ilyina, G.E. Bannikova, S.A. Lopatin, S.V. Nemtsev, D.V. Yusupova, A.I. Melent’ev, P.P. Sukhanova and G.A. Vichoreva. 423

Production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from chitin by enzymatic hydrolysis.

H. Sashiwa, H. Zhu, N. Yamano, S. Fujishima and S. Aiba. 431

Free radical scavenging activities of chitosan oligosaccharides produced by bioreactor.

P.J. Park, H.G. Byun and S.K. Kim. 437

Inhibitory activity of low molecular weight chitosan against lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. Y.H. Park, M.H. Choi and H.S. Myoung. 443

Synthases

Significance of the multigenic control of chitin synthase in fungi.

J. Ruiz-Herrera, J.M. Gonzalez-Prieto and R. Ruiz-Medrano. 451

Relevance of chitin and chitin synthases to virulence in Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis, a model melanized pathogen of humans.

H. Liu, Z. Wang, L. Zheng. M. Hauser, S, Kauffman, J.M. Becker and P.J. Szaniszlo. 463

Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis as potential antifungal drugs: current status and future prospects. S. Milewski, A. Janiak and R. Wakiec. 473

The control of chitin synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

C. Roncero, L.J. Garcia-Rodriguez, M. Sanz, F. Castrejon, J.A. Trilla and A. Duran. 485

The chitin in the eggs of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne artiellia.

E. Fanelli, L. Giotta, M. Di Vito and C. De Giorgi. 493

Deacetylases

Chitin deacetylases: from basic research to biotechnological applications.

A. Martinou, I. Tsigos D. Koutsioulis and V. Bouriotis. 503

Deacetylase and chitosanase activities in Metarhizium anisopliae: possible role in the biocontrol of insect pest.

P. Nahar, A.S. Patil, G.W. Gooday, V. Ghormade

and M.V. Deshpande. 511

Modification of chitosan with chitin deacetylase and chitosanolytic enzymes from Mucor rouxii.

B. Rzodkiewicz, I. Kolodziejska and A. Wojtasz-Pajak. 519

Chitin deacetylase from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Basic research and application.

K. Tokuyasu. 527

Screening of marine fungi for new chitin deacetylase enzymes.

J. Meens, C. Schreiber and M. Hain. 533

Regulation of chitin metabolism in the dimorphic fungus Benjaminiella poitrasii.

M. Chitnis, V. Ghormade and M.V. Deshpande. 541

Enzymatic deacetylation of chitin.

N.N. Win and W.F. Stevens. 553

Essential cysteine residues of the human N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase.

S. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, H. Ogasawara, T. Kaneko,

S. Shindo, K. Hori, K. Saito and Y. Kawamura. 565

Immobilized enzymes

Chitosan derivatives to immobilise glycosidases from Aspergillus niger for application

in beverage technologies. G. Spagna and R.N. Barbagallo. 575

Immobilised biocatalysts on chitin solid and gel.

I. Aranaz, F.M. Goycoolea, V. Ramos and A. Heras. 583

Formation of enzyme delivery systems from chitosan-surfactant physical gel complexes.

V. Babak, N. Kildeyeva, E. Merkovich and M. Rinaudo. 591

Chitosanolytic enzymes from Absidia orchidis.

B. Chwedczuk, M.M. Jaworska, H. Kusaoke and K. Sakurai. 595

Indexes

Subject Index 603

Organism Index 607

Author Index 611